LLEIDA LINGUISTIC RESOURCES


IPA FOR HTML


The phonetic symbols we make available to the scientific community have been divided into two groups, according to whether they can be used on their own or as bases of compound symbols (those are included in Chart 1 and their name begins with ipa) or whether they must be used necessarily as diacritics for compound symbols (those are included in Chart 2 and their name begins with dia). Formation of the compound symbols needs to be done from the creation of new animated *.gif which combine ipa and dia symbols in the fashion explained below.

CHART 1NameSymbolUse
PLOSIVE ipa001b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa002a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa003f.gif Single symbol only
ipa003a.gif Only in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa004a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa005f.gif Single symbol only
ipa005e.gif Only in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa006e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa007a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa008f.gif Single symbol only
ipa008b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa009a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa010b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa011b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa012a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa013a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
NASAL ipa014d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa015c.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with c-diacritics
ipa016a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa017b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa018c.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with c-diacritics
ipa019b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa020a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
TRILL ipa021a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa022a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa023a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
TAP or FLAP ipa024a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa025b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
FRICATIVE ipa026e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa027e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa028f.gif Single symbol only
ipa028a.gif Only in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa029a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa030a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa031a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa032a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa033a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa034e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa035b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa036b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa037b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa038b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa039f.gif Single symbol only
ipa039b.gif Only in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa040a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa041b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa042b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa043a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa044a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa045a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa046a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa047a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
LATERAL FRICATIVE ipa048a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa049e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
APPROXIMANT ipa050a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa051a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa052b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa053f.gif Single symbol only
ipa053e.gif Only in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa054c.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with c-diacritics
LATERAL APPROXIMANT ipa055f.gif Single symbol only
ipa055a.gif Only in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa056f.gif Single symbol only
ipa056e.gif Only in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa057a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa058a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
VOWELS ipa059f.gif Single symbol only
ipa059a1.gif Only in conjunction with upper a-diacritics
ipa059a2.gif Only in conjunction with lower a-diacritics
ipa060b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa061f.gif Single symbol only
ipa061a1.gif Only in conjunction with upper a-diacritics
ipa061a2.gif Only in conjunction with lower a-diacritics
ipa062a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa063d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa064a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa065f.gif Single symbol only
ipa065a.gif Only in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa066a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa067a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa068a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa069e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
ipa070a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa071a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa072a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa073a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa074a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa075a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa076d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa077a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa078a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa079a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa080a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa081d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa082a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa083a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa084d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa085a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa086a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
CLICKS ipa087f.gif Single symbol only
ipa088f.gif Single symbol only
ipa089f.gif Single symbol only
ipa090f.gif Single symbol only
ipa091f.gif Single symbol only
VOICED IMPLOSIVES ipa092f.gif Single symbol only
ipa093f.gif Single symbol only
ipa094f.gif Single symbol only
ipa095f.gif Single symbol only
ipa096f.gif Single symbol only
EJECTIVES ipa097f.gif Single symbol only
SUPRASEGMENTALS ipa098f.gif Single symbol only
ipa099f.gif Single symbol only
ipa100f.gif Single symbol only
ipa101f.gif Single symbol only
ipa102f.gif Single symbol only
ipa103f.gif Single symbol only
ipa104f.gif Single symbol only
ipa105f.gif Single symbol only
TONES & WORD ACCENTS LEVEL ipa106f.gif Single symbol only
ipa107f.gif Single symbol only
ipa108f.gif Single symbol only
ipa109f.gif Single symbol only
ipa110f.gif Single symbol only
ipa111f.gif Single symbol only
ipa112f.gif Single symbol only
CONTOUR ipa113f.gif Single symbol only
ipa114f.gif Single symbol only
ipa115f.gif Single symbol only
ipa116f.gif Single symbol only
ipa117f.gif Single symbol only
ipa118f.gif Single symbol only
ipa119f.gif Single symbol only
OTHER SYMBOLS ipa120d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa121d.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with d-diacritics
ipa122b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa123a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa124a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa125a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa126b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa127b.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with b-diacritics
ipa128a.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with a-diacritics
ipa129e.gif Single symbol and in conjunction with e-diacritics
DIACRITICS ipa130f.gif Single symbol only (aspirated)
ipa131f.gif Single symbol only (rhoticity)
ipa132f.gif Single symbol only (labialized)
ipa133f.gif Single symbol only (palatalized)
ipa134f.gif Single symbol only (velarized)
ipa135f.gif Single symbol only (pharingealized)
ipa136f.gif Single symbol only (nasal release)
ipa137f.gif Single symbol only (lateral release)
ipa138f.gif Single symbol only (no audible release)

Other diacritics may be placed for instance above a symbol (for symbols like , or ) or below a symbol (for symbols like , or ). We have built five series of diacritics, namely *a.gif, *b.gif, *c.gif, *d.gif and *e.gif, with which any combinatory possibility is allowed; thus, the nasal vowel will be formed with the symbol ipa068a.gif and the diacritic dia13a.gif (both *a.gif), whereas the voiceless velar nasal will be formed with the symbol ipa019b.gif and the diacritic dia14b.gif (both *b.gif). In order to build new compound symbols, it is necessary for each case to add the appropriate gif-series to the names listed below.

CHART 2NameSymbolNotes
DIACRITICS dia00
dia01
dia02
dia03 Mid-level, e.g.
dia04
dia05
dia06 Rising-contour, e.g.
dia07
dia08
dia09
dia10
dia11 Centralized, e.g.
dia12
dia13 Nasalized, e.g.
dia14
dia15 Voiced, e.g.
dia16
dia17
dia18
dia19 Retracted, e.g.
dia20
dia21
dia22 Breathy voiced, e.g.
dia23 Creaky voiced, e.g.
dia24
dia25
dia26
dia27
dia28
dia29
dia30
dia31
dia32 Affricates and double articulations, e.g. . *a.gif and *d.gif, or *b.gif and *c.gif can be combined. *e.gif have priority over everyother *.gif (both dia32 and dia33 shall be *e.gif), and *b.gif or *c.gif have prioriry over *a.gif and *d.gif.
dia33
dia34 Velarized or pharyngealized, e.g.